Lime dust is particularly corrosive, which is one reason that outdoor structures were normally built some distance from villages and other structures. The lime kiln process also emits carbon dioxide gas, which can be toxic.
In addition, air drying wooden boards is a process that can take many months. Kiln drying lumber for construction allows the careful regulation of the drying process, generally preventing the more serious warping and twisting that can occur when wood is air dried.